THE ROLE OF THE YASAWIYYA AND KUBRĀWIYYA ORDERS IN THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDE

The Golden Horde was founded in 1241 by Batu Khān, the grandson of Chingghis Khān. People all religions lived vast geography this state, whose borders stretched from Dniester River west to Irtysh east. From middle 13th century, ṣūfī orders began preaching Horde, and 14th most people, including ruling class, converted Islam. Islam begun dominate life people functioning state. easily accepted society through channel ṣūfism, facilitated similarity spiritual practices with forms faith nomadic peoples. In process, particular, Yasawiyya order, formed teachings Aḥmad al-Yasawī, Kubrāwiyya Najm al-Dīn al-Kubrā, played a significant role. dervishes these two spread Islamic culture region Khwārazm Crimea. Yasawī Kubrawī ṣūfīs conducted communication work between various religious ethnic communities as well carried out informal educational activities institutions such khānqāh (ṣūfī convent), zāwiyah lodge) madrasahs, using support authorities, some even participated wars for Zāwiyas became refuge population times crisis an important role ensuring social peace restoring country’s sovereignty. Thus, article will discuss topics which were active periods active, contribution sheikhs process Islamization, their place administrative system state heritage. Keywords: Ṣūfism, Orders, Yasawiyya, Kubrāwiyya.